2026-01-21

Maintenance of Power Transformers

Power transformers are among the core components of electrical power systems. Their function is to step up or step down voltage levels to ensure the safety and suitability of electricity during transmission and usage. However, like all electrical equipment, power transformers also require systematic maintenance and care to ensure their long-term stable operation. This article discusses the key aspects of transformer maintenance to ensure sustained and reliable performance.   Regular Inspection and Testing   The foundation of maintenance lies in regular inspections. Professionals should conduct comprehensive visual and mechanical checks on transformers to promptly identify and address visible issues such as oil leaks, loose connections, and component corrosion. Additionally, insulation resistance tests and oil quality analyses must be performed to assess the equipment’s condition from an electrical performance perspective.   Insulating Oil Management and Monitoring   Insulating oil serves multiple roles in transformers, including insulation, cooling, and arc suppression. During operation, the oil level may drop due to leaks or evaporation, and it must be maintained within the specified range at all times. Furthermore, regular oil quality testing should be carried out to analyze indicators such as dissolved gas content, moisture, acid value, and impurities, enabling early detection of potential faults....

2026-01-21

Noise Level of Power Transformers

As a core component of the power system, power transformers transfer electrical energy between different circuits through electromagnetic induction, performing the critical function of voltage conversion in transmission and distribution systems — stepping up voltage for long-distance transmission and stepping down voltage for end-user distribution. However, noise generated during operation is a widespread issue that cannot be overlooked. This article systematically analyzes the causes of transformer noise and proposes targeted control strategies.   Analysis of Main Causes of Transformer Noise: 1.Core Magnetostrictive Vibration: When the transformer is energized, the alternating magnetic field causes magnetostriction in the silicon steel sheets, leading to periodic deformation of the core. This results in fundamental vibrations and noise at twice the power frequency (100 Hz/120 Hz). 2.Mechanical Structural Resonance: Mechanical factors such as winding vibration due to electromagnetic forces, loose connections, and cooling equipment operation can induce structural resonance, particularly noticeable during load fluctuations. 3.High-Frequency Noise Caused by Discharge Phenomena: Insulation anomalies such as internal partial discharge and corona discharge generate high-frequency vibrations and harsh noise across a broad frequency band. 4.Harmonic Amplification Effect: Harmonics in the power system distort the excitation current, intensifying core vibration and potentially exciting resonance at specific frequencies, significantly elevating noise levels.   Comprehensive...

2025-12-24

Distribution Transformers: A Professional Guide to Grounding Systems

As a core component of the power distribution network, the design and implementation of the grounding system for distribution transformers are directly critical to the safe and stable operation of the grid, as well as the protection of personnel and equipment. To ensure the reliable operation of transformers, a complete and code-compliant grounding installation must be established. This article provides a systematic explanation of the technical requirements, functional principles, and engineering practices for grounding points.   Core Functions and Configuration Principles of Grounding Points   Generally, a distribution transformer requires at least two independent grounding electrodes with their respective down conductors:    Transformer Tank (Protective) Grounding        Primary Purpose: To provide a low-impedance path for the discharge of fault currents and lightning currents, preventing the tank from becoming energized due to insulation failure or lightning surge overvoltage, thereby ensuring the safety of operating personnel.        Technical Requirements: The grounding resistance must comply with national or industry standards (e.g., DL/T 621), typically requiring a value not exceeding 4Ω. In areas with high soil resistivity, resistance reduction measures (such as using resistance-reducing agents, deep-well grounding, or extended grounding grids) are necessary.        Implementation: The transformer tank is reliably connected to pre-buried grounding electrodes (e.g., angle...

2025-12-24

Distribution Transformer Overloading

Distribution transformers play a critical role in power transmission and distribution systems. They function to step down the voltage from high-voltage transmission lines to low-voltage feeders that supply end consumers. However, these transformers are often subjected to overloading due to various factors, such as increased electricity demand, system faults, and improper design.   Overloading of distribution transformers can lead to several adverse consequences, including shortened equipment lifespan, increased maintenance and repair costs, and even transformer failure. Therefore, understanding the causes and effects of transformer overloading and implementing necessary preventive measures are essential for ensuring grid stability.   Primary Causes of Distribution Transformer Overloading:   Growing Electricity Demand: With population growth and the development of new residential, commercial, and industrial areas, electricity demand continues to rise, often exceeding the designed capacity of distribution transformers. System Faults: Distribution transformers are susceptible to various system faults, such as short circuits, overcurrent, and voltage fluctuations, which can induce overloading. Inadequate Design: Design deficiencies in the distribution system or the transformer itself—such as insufficient capacity or inadequate cooling systems—can significantly increase the risk of overloading.   Key Impacts of Distribution Transformer Overloading:   Reduced Operational Lifespan: Overloading accelerates the aging of transformer insulation, significantly shortening...

2025-11-27

Transformer Sizing Guide: Achieving Optimal Performance Solutions

The Critical Significance of Correct Sizing for Performance and Safety Transformer sizing directly influences system operational performance and safety. A properly sized transformer serves multiple core functions: Delivers a stable power supply to prevent voltage fluctuations that could damage precision equipment. Operates with higher efficiency, reducing energy waste and lowering electricity costs. Prevents equipment overheating, which avoids insulation aging, winding damage, and shortened service life. Complies with industry standards such as IEEE and IEC, as well as relevant requirements from local power supply authorities. Minimizes the risk of electrical fires and system failures caused by overloading. In critical scenarios like hospitals, data centers, and continuous-production factories, the reliability of transformers is of utmost importance. Even a minor sizing error can lead to costly downtime, reduced production efficiency, and increased maintenance expenses.   Common Consequences of Improper Sizing Impacts of Undersizing The transformer operates continuously at or above its rated capacity, generating excessive heat and accelerating insulation damage. Overheating triggers the activation of protective relays or fuses, resulting in unexpected shutdowns and disrupting normal operations. Equipment components experience accelerated wear, leading to shortened service life and more frequent maintenance.   Impacts of Oversizing Unnecessary increases in procurement and installation costs, raising...

2025-11-27

Key Considerations for the Installation of High and Low Voltage Switchgear

The installation of high and low voltage switchgear is a critical process for ensuring the safe and stable operation of a power system. The core considerations can be divided into the following three stages: Pre-Installation: Thorough Preparation Environment and Foundation Check: Confirm no special environmental requirements exist (e.g., high-altitude or humid areas may require specific models). Verify the switchgear dimensions to ensure smooth entry and fit. The levelness tolerance of the foundation channels must be ≤1mm/m. Technical Verification: Strictly cross-check against drawings to confirm both primary side (circuit breaker, current transformer, busbar specifications) and secondary side (protection functions, wiring diagrams) technical requirements are correct. Inspection upon Unpacking: Unpack jointly with relevant parties. Check the switchgear for impact damage, deformation, or coating scratches, and ensure key components like the vacuum interrupters are intact.   During Installation: Precise Execution 1.Safe Positioning: Use professional tools for handling and transportation. Impact or collision is strictly prohibited. Assemble cabinets in sequence, ensuring the lineup is straight and level. 2.Critical Protection Measures: For Draw-out Carts: The foundation height must ensure the cart rails are flush with the floor, without any step. During Busbar Installation: Cover the vacuum circuit breaker with cardboard to absolutely prevent tools or fasteners from falling and damaging the vacuum interrupter. 3.Reliable Connections: Ensure busbar contact surfaces are flat and clean. Tighten bolts...